Sam's profilebangbang2005PhotosBlogListsMore ![]() | Help |
|
|
February 23 查理•芒格的问题清单1以前说过,巴菲特的搭档Charlie Munger是个极为NB的思考者。而亲爱的正在华尔街上打拼的GoodFella在回国期间,抽出了不少会见美女的时间把一本书里关于Charlie Munger的思考方法敲到网络上。大概有300多个问题? 用了不少时间,《环球企业家》杂志把这些东西翻译了出来。至少我个人觉得,是个值得长期反复看,反复拷问自己的体系。在杂志上是以上、下两篇分别登载的,今天我给连一起发在这里吧。 如下准则有助于达成目标,做出选择、解决问题、判别真伪。 Use notions 要利用确定的概念或某个想法 * 使用有事实做依托的大想法 What is the issue? 问题的解决 * 问题是什么?事情的实质是什么?
Understand what it means 理解背后的含义 * 把语言和各种想法翻译成我明白的方式。我能理解所用的语言和结论的真正含义和暗示吗?它意味着什么?它是否有助于我对未来做出有用的预测吗? Filters and Rules 过滤和规则 * 利用规则和缺省规则来筛选——我可以如何检测? What do I specifically and measurable want to achieve and avoid and when and why? 我具体想达成和避免的是什么,什么时候达成,原因为何? * 就数字而言,我想获得什么样的价值?目标数字是什么?目标效果是什么?所设定的时间范围是什么? What is the cause of that? 成因何在? * 为了达到目标,我必须知道能让我达成目标的各种成因。 What available alternatives do I have to achieve my goal? 有没有现成的替代方案可以帮助我达成目标? * 通过目标、主体问题、规则、因果、行为、佐证、反证、资金的机会成本、时间、其他资源、精力、理解力、风险和精神压力等因素,来对其他替代方案进行判断。 What are the consequences? 结果是什么? * 通过对结果的预估,寻找最可能帮助我达成目标的替代方案。 Bias 偏见 * 个人兴趣或者心理原因带来的会导致我产生误判的偏见,有何原因可以解释吗? May 06 unconventional Success 15/1节终于有时间可以看书了,是上个月从amazon买的“Unconventional Success - A fundamental Approach to Personal Investment", 作者是David F. Swensen,chief investment officer of Yale university. 他在管理耶鲁基金期间,录得年均17%的回报率。
因为有些新的单词和概念,做了些笔记:
Source of Return
Capital Market provide three tools for investors to employ in generating investment returns:
1) Asset allocation 资产分配(将一个投资组合分为不同资产种类的过程,主要资产种类包括债券、股票或现金。资产分配的目的在于通过分散投资减低风险)
2) Market Timing 市场时机
3) Security selection证券选择
作者的观点是
Asset allocation decisions play a central role in determing investor results.
A number of well-regarded studies of institutional portfolios concludes that approximately 90% of the variability of returns stems from asset allocation, leaving approximately 10 percent of the variability to be determined by secuirty selection and market timing.
Another important piece of research on performance of institutional investors suggests that 100% of investor returns derive from asset allocation, relegating security selection and market timing to an inconsequential role.
对于long term asset allocation ,有3个主要原则:
1)The importance of equity ownership
2) the efficacy of portfolio diversification
3) the significance of tax sensitivity
1)The importance of equity ownership
对于equity,有一个看法:
stockholders occupy a risker position .
研究表明:
over long periods of time stock returns exceed those of bonds and cash.
证据是:
Over the nearly eight-decade period from 1926 to 2003. U.S. stocks produced an annual compound return of 10.4%, U.S. government bonds (美国国库券)returned 5.4%, and U.S. treasury bills (短期国库券)generated3.7%.The 5% point difference between stock and boned returns represents the historical risk premium(风险溢价), defined as the return to equity holders for accepting risk above the level inherent in bond investments.
之所谓,高风险,高回报(只要时间够长,例如80年)
2) the efficacy of portfolio diversification
Sensible individuals take care to distribute assets across a range of investment alternatives. The act of diversification provides a free lunch of enhanced returns and reduced risk, increasing the likelihood that an investor will stay the course in difficult market environments.
多样化是免费的午餐。
*Market Timing fails to make an important contribution to institutional portfolio results, because investors quite sensibly show reasonable constancy in holdings of various asset types. * Security selection plays a minor role in investment returns, because investors tend to hold broadly diversified portfolios that correlate reasonably strongly with the overall market. In more recent years, research shows that to achieve the same reduction in nonmarket risk, investors required a portfolio of fifty securities. |
|
|